![]() A source of running water, in case of a spill.ġ.Weigh out 12 ounces of lye (sodium hydroxide) into the two-cup measuring cup.Ģ.Weigh 32 ounces of cold water in glass container.ģ.Slowly add lye to water (best done outside), stirring gently.Spray with vegetable spray so soap will release easily. O One accurate glass thermometer that registers between 80-100 degrees F. O Stainless steel wire whisk or a hand blender O A two cup plastic or glass measuring cup O Glass or plastic wide mouth pitcher to hold water and lye O A one gallon stainless steel or enamel kettle, not aluminum, and not lined with non-stick surface Do not use drain opener the formulas have changed and are no longer suitable for soap. No longer readily available can be purchased online (see external links). Until we know more about the interaction of environmental stimulation and the stages of pre-frontal development, it seems a grave error to expose children to a stimulus that may short-change this critical system. These centers develop throughout childhood and adolescence, but some research has suggested that "mindless" television or video games may idle this particular part of the brain and impoverish its development. The brain's executive control system, or pre-frontal cortex, is responsible for planning, organizing and sequencing behavior for self-control, moral judgment and attention. Such experiences deprive the child of practice in using his own brain independently, as in games, hobbies, social interaction, or just "fussing around." I have talked to many parents of children diagnosed with attention deficit disorder who found the difficulty markedly improved after they took away television viewing privileges. Even aside from violent or overly stimulating sexual content, the fast-paced, attention-grabbing "features" of children's programming (e.g., rapid zooms and pans, flashes of color, quick movement in the peripheral visual field, sudden loud noises) were modeled after advertising research, which determined that this technique is the best way to engage the brain's attention involuntarily. The nature of the stimulus may predispose some children to attention problems. Moreover, the "two-minute mind" easily becomes impatient with any material requiring depth of processing. A young brain manipulated by jazzy visual effects cannot divide attention to listen carefully to language. This may be because television substitutes for reading practice, partially because the compellingly visual nature of the stimulus blocks development of left-hemisphere language circuitry. ![]() Higher levels of television viewing correlate with lowered academic performance, especially reading scores. Too much television - particularly at ages critical for language development and manipulative play - can impinge negatively on young minds in several different ways including the following: Of course, parents' rushed life-styles and societal changes are partially responsible, but a growing body of research on television viewing clearly supports its causation role, with different children's tolerance thresholds varying widely. An "epidemic" of attention deficit disorder, behavioral problems, faltering academic abilities, language difficulties (which extend to reading comprehension as well as oral expression), and weak problem-solving skills are reported by teachers across the United States. Negative outcomes have been observed in today's schools, which appear to be related to too much of the wrong kind of media exposure. However, given the other effects on the brain discussed earlier, especially the effects on concentration, it is likely that the television set is causing attention-related problems in older children and adults. This particular study only looked at very young children. Both the researchers and the sponsors of the study, The American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend that parents exercise caution in letting their children under the age of 2 years watch any television. The researchers speculate that the developing brain may be more vulnerable to the over-stimulation of TV. These are symptoms of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). The attention problems included whether the child had difficulty concentrating, was easily confused, was impulsive, had trouble with obsessions, or was restless. A disturbing 2004 study found that watching TV at ages one and three caused attention-related problems at age 7. Television can be especially damaging to developing minds.
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